The under‑eye region is a complex landscape of delicate skin, supportive ligaments, fat pads and bone. Because of its unique anatomical features, it tends to age earlier and more dramatically than other parts of the face. For anyone considering under‑eye rejuvenation, understanding this anatomy is essential. This article explains the structures that make the area so vulnerable and explores how they change over time.

The skin: thin and poorly supported

The periorbital skin is among the thinnest on the body — up to five times thinner than facial skin¹. It contains fewer elastin and collagen fibres and has a horny layer only three cells thick compared with 15 or more elsewhere¹. There is also a scarcity of sebaceous glands in the lower eyelid². Sebum forms a protective film that reduces water loss and shields skin from environmental damage; without it, the under‑eye area is prone to dehydration and irritation. The thin dermis and lack of adipose support mean that underlying blood vessels and muscles are visible, which is why dark circles can appear blue or purple.

Constant motion and mechanical stress

The eye area is extraordinarily active. Twenty‑two muscles control blinking, smiling and squinting, leading to around 10,000 blinks per day³. These repeated micro‑contractions apply mechanical stress to thin skin, making it harder for the tissue to return to its original position. Over time, fine lines and dynamic wrinkles form. Because the skin’s ability to repair itself declines with age, repeated movements eventually create permanent creases.

Higher cellular senescence

Researchers have discovered that periorbital skin expresses higher levels of cellular senescence than other areas of the face⁴. Senescent cells no longer divide and secrete inflammatory mediators, contributing to tissue breakdown. DNA repair pathways are weaker in this region, so cumulative sun damage and oxidative stress more readily cause thinning, laxity and hyperpigmentation. https://mesglolondon.co.uk/?p=4290